Kuyinii-supercapacitor 

Ama-Supercapacitor ahlukaniswe ngama-capacitor akabili kagesi kanye nama-pseudocapacitors avela endleleni yokugcina amandla. Luhlobo olusha lwedivayisi yokugcina amandla, olunezici zokuqina kwamandla aphezulu, isikhathi esifushane sokushaja, impilo ende yesevisi, izici ezinhle zokushisa, ukonga amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza. Ama-Supercapacitor ayakwazi ukushintshashintsha.

Ingabe ama-supercapacitors angaba amabhethri

Ama-Supercapacitor angathatha indawo yamabhethri, okuyisiqondiso futhi esikhathini esizayo.

Ama-Supercapacitors, aziwa nangokuthi ama-capacitor anezingqimba ezimbili, ama-capacitor e-electrochemical, ama-capacitor egolide, kanye nama-capacitor e-Farrah, agcina amandla ngokuhlukanisa ama-electrolyte. Kuyisici se-electrochemical, kodwa enkambisweni yayo yokugcina amandla akwenzeki ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, le nqubo yokugcina amandla iyaguqulwa, kodwa futhi ngoba le supercapacitor ingashajwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ikhishwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Ama-Supercapacitors angacatshangwa njengamapuleti amabili e-electrode angenawo amandla asebenzayo alengiswe ku-electrolyte, ashajwe epuletini, ipuleti elihle lidonsela ama-ion angalungile ku-electrolyte, ipuleti elibi lidonsela ama-ion angalungile, empeleni akha izendlalelo ezimbili zokugcina amandla, ama-ion alungile ahlukaniswe eduze kwepuleti elibi, kanti ama-ion angalungile aseduze nepuleti elihle.

I-Supercapacitor uhlobo olusha lwe-capacitor olusekelwe kumbono we-interfacial double layer ophakanyiswe yisazi sefiziksi saseJalimane uHelmholtz. Njengoba sonke sazi, ubuso be-electrode yensimbi efakwe esixazululweni se-electrolyte buzovela ezinhlangothini zombili zobuso obumanzi obunezimpawu eziphambene zokushaja ngokweqile, ukuze kukhiqizwe umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwezigaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kufakwa ama-electrode amabili ku-electrolyte ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi kusetshenziswa i-voltage engaphansi kwe-voltage yokubola kwesisombululo se-electrolyte phakathi kwawo, khona-ke ama-ion amahle nangalungile ku-electrolyte azohamba ngokushesha aye ezigxotsheni ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, futhi ngokulandelana akhe ungqimba lokushaja oluqinile ebusweni bama-electrode amabili aphezulu, okungukuthi, ungqimba kagesi oluphindwe kabili.

Ingqimba kagesi ephindwe kabili eyakhiwe yiyo ifana neshaja ehlanganisiwe ekhiqizwa yi-dielectric ku-capacitor yendabuko ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu kagesi, okuholela kumphumela we-capacitance. Ingqimba kagesi ephindwe kabili eqinile ifana ne-flat capacitor, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isikhala sengqimba yokushaja eqinile sincane kakhulu kunebanga eliphakathi kwezingqimba zokushaja ze-capacitor evamile, inomthamo omkhulu kune-capacitor evamile.

Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwe-capacitor enezingqimba ezimbili kukhulu kunokwe-capacitor ye-aluminium electrolytic, ngakho-ke ingashajwa ngqo ngaphandle kokumelana nomthwalo. Uma kukhona ukushaja okungaphezu kwamandla kagesi, i-capacitor enezingqimba ezimbili izovula isekethe ngaphandle kokulimaza idivayisi, okuhlukile ekuqhekekeni okungaphezu kwamandla kagesi kwe-capacitor ye-aluminium electrolytic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nebhethri eliphinde lishajwe, i-capacitor enezingqimba ezimbili kagesi ingashajwa ngaphandle komkhawulo, futhi inani lokushaja lingafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-10^6, ngakho-ke i-capacitor enezingqimba ezimbili kagesi ayinazo nje izici ze-capacitor, kodwa futhi inezici zebhethri, futhi iyisici esisha esikhethekile phakathi kwebhethri ne-capacitor.